This is the 64th edition of the TOP500.
The 64th edition of the TOP500 shows El Capitan as new No. 1.
With El Capitan, Frontier, and Aurora there are now 3 Exascale systems leading the TOP500. All three are installed at DOE laboratories in the USA.
The El Capitan system at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California, USA is the new No. 1 system on the TOP500. The HPE Cray EX255a system was measured with 1.742 Exaflop/s on the HPL benchmark.
El Capitan has 11,039,616 cores and is based on AMD 4th generation EPYC processors with 24 cores at 1.8 GHz and AMD Instinct MI300A accelerators. It uses the Cray Slingshot 11 network for data transfer and achieves an energy efficiency of 60.3 Gigaflops/watt. El Capian is the 3rd system exceeding the Exaflop mark on the HPL benchmark.
The Frontier system at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA is now the No. 2 system on the TOP500. Frontier has been remeasured with an HPL score of 1.353 Exaflop/s.
Frontier is based on the HPE Cray EX235a architecture and is equipped with AMD 3rd generation EPYC 64C 2GHz processors. The system has 8,699,904 total cores and also relies on Cray’s Slingshot 11 network for data transfer.
The Aurora system at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Illinois, USA is currently being commissioned and was submitted with a preliminary measurement achieving 1.012 Exaflop/s on the HPL benchmark which secured it the No. 3 spot on the TOP500.
Aurora is built by Intel based on the HPE Cray EX - Intel Exascale Compute Blade which uses Intel Xeon CPU Max Series processors and Intel Data Center GPU Max Series accelerators which communicate through Cray’s Slingshot-11 network interconnect.
Other changes in the TOP 10 include the new HPC6 system at No. 5, an upgrade to the Alps system now at No. 7, and the new Tuolumne system at No. 10 which is a sister system to El Capitan.
Here is a summary of the system in the Top 10:
The El Capitan system at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California, USA is the new No. 1 system on the TOP500. The HPE Cray EX255a system was measured with 1.742 Exaflop/s on the HPL benchmark. El Capitan has 11,039,616 cores and is based on AMD 4th generation EPYC™ processors with 24 cores at 1.8 GHz and AMD Instinct™ MI300A accelerators. It uses the Cray Slingshot 11 network for data transfer and achieves an energy efficiency of 60.3 Gigaflops/watt.
Frontier is now the No. 2 system in the TOP500. This HPE Cray EX system was the first US system with a performance exceeding one Exaflop/s. It is installed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee, USA, where it is operated for the Department of Energy (DOE). It currently has achieved 1.353 Exaflop/s using 8,699,904 cores. The HPE Cray EX architecture combines 3rd Gen AMD EPYC™ CPUs optimized for HPC and AI, with AMD Instinct™ 250X accelerators, and a Slingshot-11 interconnect.
Aurora is currently the No. 3 with a preliminary HPL score of 1.012 Exaflop/s. It is installed at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Illinois, USA, where it is also operated for the Department of Energy (DOE). This new Intel system is based on HPE Cray EX - Intel Exascale Compute Blades. It uses Intel Xeon CPU Max Series processors, Intel Data Center GPU Max Series accelerators, and a Slingshot-11 interconnect.
Eagle the No. 4 system is installed by Microsoft in its Azure cloud. This Microsoft NDv5 system is based on Xeon Platinum 8480C processors and NVIDIA H100 accelerators and achieved an HPL score of 561 Petaflop/s.
The new No. 5 system is called HPC6 and installed at Eni S.p.A center in Ferrera Erbognone in Italy. It is another HPE Cray EX235a system with 3rd Gen AMD EPYC™ CPUs optimized for HPC and AI, with AMD Instinct™ 250X accelerators, and a Slingshot-11 interconnect. It achieved 477.9 Petaflop/s.
Fugaku, the No. 6 system, is installed at the RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS) in Kobe, Japan. It has 7,630,848 cores which allowed it to achieve an HPL benchmark score of 442 Petaflop/s. It remains the fastest system on the HPCG benchmark with 16 Teraflop/s.
After a recent upgrade the Alps system installed at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) in Switzerland is now at No. 7. It is an HPE Cray EX254n system with NVIDIA Grace 72C and NVIDIA GH200 Superchip and a Slingshot-11 interconnect. After its upgrade it achieved 434.9 Petaflop/s.
The LUMI system, another HPE Cray EX system installed at EuroHPC center at CSC in Finland is at the No. 8 with a performance of 380 Petaflop/s. The European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC JU) is pooling European resources to develop top-of-the-range Exascale supercomputers for processing big data. One of the pan-European pre-Exascale supercomputers, LUMI, is located in CSC’s data center in Kajaani, Finland.
The No. 9 system Leonardo is installed at another EuroHPC site in CINECA, Italy. It is an Atos BullSequana XH2000 system with Xeon Platinum 8358 32C 2.6GHz as main processors, NVIDIA A100 SXM4 40 GB as accelerators, and Quad-rail NVIDIA HDR100 Infiniband as interconnect. It achieved a HPL performance of 241.2 Petaflop/s.
Rounding out the TOP10 is the new Tuolumne system which is also installed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California, USA. It is a sister system to the new No. 1 system El Capitan with identical architecture. It achieved 208.1 Petaflop/s on its own.
A total of 210 systems on the list are using accelerator/co-processor technology, up from 194 six months ago. 71 of these use NVIDIA Ampere chips, 60 use 18, and 33 systems with NVIDIA Volta.
Intel continues to provide the processors for the largest share (61.80 percent) of TOP500 systems, down from 63.00 % six months ago. 162 (32.40 %) of the systems in the current list used AMD processors, up from 31.20 % six months ago.
The entry level to the list moved up to the 2.31 Pflop/s mark on the Linpack benchmark.
The last system on the newest list was listed at position 455 in the previous TOP500.
Total combined performance of all 500 exceeded the Exaflop barrier with now 11.72 exaflop/s (Eflop/s) up from 8.21 exaflop/s (Eflop/s) 6 months ago.
The entry point for the TOP100 increased to 12.21 Pflop/s.
The average concurrency level in the TOP500 is 257,970 cores per system up from 229,426 six months ago.
In the Green500 the systems of the TOP500 are ranked by how much computational performance they deliver on the HPL benchmark per Watt of electrical power consumed. This electrical power efficiency is measured in Gigaflops/Watt. This ranking is not driven by the size of a system but by its technology and the ranking order looks therefor very different from the TOP500. The computational efficiency of a system tends to slightly decrease with system size, which among technologically identical system gives smaller system the advantage. Here are the top 10 of the Green500 ranking:
The system to claim the No. 1 spot for the GREEN500 is for a second time the JEDI - JUPITER Exascale Development Instrument at EuroHPC/FZJ in Germany. The system has 19,584 total cores, an HPL benchmark of 4.5 PFlop/s, and achieved an efficiency of 72.7 GFlops/Watt. JEDI is a BullSequana XH3000 system with Grace Hopper Superchip 72C 3GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, and Quad-Rail NVIDIA InfiniBand NDR200.
In the second place is the ROMEO-2025 system at the ROMEO HPC Center - Champagne- Ardenne in France. With 47,328 total cores and an HPL benchmark of 9.863 PFlop/s, and achieved an efficiency of 70.9 GFlops/Watt. The architecture of this system is identical to the No. 1 system JEDI, but as it is more than twice as large its energy efficiency is slightly lower.
The No. 3 spot was taken by the new Adastra 2 system at the Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif - Centre Informatique National de l'Enseignement Superieur (GENCI-CINES) in France. This is a HPE Cray EX255a system with AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24 core 1.8GHz processors, AMD Instinct MI300A accelerator, and Slingshot-11, running RHEL. With 16,128 cores total it achieved 2.529 PFlop/s HPL performance and an efficiency of 69.1 GFlops/Watt.
The data collection and curation of the Green500 project has been integrated with the TOP500 project. This allows submissions of all data through a single webpage at http://top500.org/submit.
The TOP500 list now includes the High-Performance Conjugate Gradient (HPCG) Benchmark results.
Supercomputer Fugaku remains the leader on the HPCG benchmark with 16 PFlop/s. It held the top position since June 2020.
The DOE system Frontier at ORNL remains on the second position with 14.05 HPCG-Pflop/s.
The third position was again captured by the Aurora system with 5.6 HPCG-petaflops.
There are no HPCG submissions for El Capitan yet.
On the HPL-MxP benchmark, which measures performance for mixed-precision calculations, the Aurora system achieved 11.6 Exaflops narrowly ahead of Frontier at 11.4 Exaflops. This is the same situation as last time: both machines submitted new result and Aurora came out ahead for the second time.
The HPL-MxP benchmark seeks to highlight the use of mixed precision computations. Traditional HPC uses 64-bit floating point computations. Today we see hardware with various levels of floating point precisions, 32-bit, 16-bit, and even 8-bit. The HPL-MxP benchmark demonstrates that by using mixed precision during the computation much higher performance is possible (see the Top 5 from the HPL-MxP benchmark), and using mathematical techniques, the same accuracy can be computed with the mixed precision technique when compared with straight 64-bit precision.
| Rank | Site | Computer | Cores | HPL Rmax (Eflop/s) | TOP500 Rank | HPL-MxP (Eflop/s) | Speedup |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DOE/SC/ANL USA | Aurora, HPE Cray EX, Intel Max 9470 52C, 2.4 GHz, Intel GPU Max, Slingshot-11 | 8,159,232 | 1.012 | 3 | 11.6 | 11.5 |
| 2 | DOE/SC/ORNL USA | Frontier, HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Zen-3 (Milan) 64C 2GHz, AMD MI250X, Slingshot-11 | 8,560,640 | 1.353 | 2 | 11.4 | 8.4 |
| 3 | EuroHPC/CSC Finland | LUMI, HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Zen-3 (Milan) 64C 2GHz, AMD MI250X, Slingshot-11 | 2,752,704 | 0.380 | 8 | 2.35 | 6.2 |
| 4 | RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Japan | Fugaku, Fujitsu A64FX 48C 2.2GHz, Tofu D | 7,630,848 | 0.442 | 1 | 2.0 | 4.5 |
| 5 | EuroHPC/CINECA Italy | Leonardo, BullSequana XH2000, Xeon Platinum 8358 32C 2.6GHz, NVIDIA A100 SXM4 40 GB, Quad-rail NVIDIA HDR100 Infiniband | 1,824,768 | 0.241 | 9 | 1.8 | 7.5 |
| 6 | CII, Institute of Science Japan | TSUBAME 4.0, HPE Cray XD685, AMD EPYC 9654 96C 2.4GHz, NVIDIA H100 SXM5 94 GB, Mellanox NDR200 | 172,800 | 0.080 | 32 | 0.6 | 7.5 |
| 7 | NVIDIA USA | Selene, DGX SuperPOD, AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25 GHz, Mellanox HDR, NVIDIA A100 | 555,520 | 0.063 | 23 | 0.5 | 8.0 |
| 8 | DOE/SC/LBNL/NERSC USA | Perlmutter, HPE Cray EX235n, AMD EPYC 7763 64C 2.45 GHz, Slingshot-10, NVIDIA A100 | 761,856 | 0.068 | 19 | 0.59 | 7.5 |
| 9 | Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ) Germany | JUWELS Booster Module, Bull Sequana XH2000, AMD EPYC 7402 24C 2.8GHz, Mellanox HDR Infiniband, NVIDIA A100 | 449,280 | 0.044 | 33 | 0.3 | 6.8 |
| 10 | GENCI-CINES France | Adastra, HPE Cray EX235a, AMD EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD 250X, Slingshot-11 | 319,072 | 0.030 | 30 | 0.3 | 6.5 |
This year’s winner of the HPL-MxP category is the Aurora system with 11.6 Exaflop/s.
Frontier is now in second place with a 11.4 Exaflop/s score on the HPL-MxP benchmark.
Lumi remains in third place with a score of 2.35 Exaflop/s.
The first version of what became today’s TOP500 list started as an exercise for a small conference in Germany in June 1993. Out of curiosity, the authors decided to revisit the list in November 1993 to see how things had changed. About that time they realized they might be onto something and decided to continue compiling the list, which is now a much-anticipated, much-watched and much-debated twice-yearly event.